Enhancing Cut Flower Production through Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Symbiosis

Abstract

Enhancing Cut Flower Production through Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Symbiosis Mandibular defects may result from many conditions such tumors. The tumor presented radiographically as an osteolytic lesion, after biopsy, it was found to be an osteogenic sarcoma, a hemimandibulectomy was performed. Clinically and radiographically a very hard-formed bone could be palpated and seen, also a functional left temporal muscle, which had been completely detached from the resected mandible, could be palpated.

Introduction

Spontaneous bone regeneration is an uncommon form of bone healing where bone grows into critical size defects. In the mandible, spontaneous bone regeneration has replaced extensive defects up to the entire mandible and bilateral condyles [3-5]. The mechanism of spontaneous bone regeneration is not thoroughly understood, however, various factors have been suggested to influence this event [3,6,7]. The age of the patient, presence of infection, soft tissue protection of the bone defect, immobilization and genetic factors have been suspected as factors controlling spontaneous bone regeneration, but the exact are not yet to be identified [4-6,8-12]. In Sub-Saharan Africa reports of spontaneous bone regeneration are very rare; all previous accounts have come from Nigeria following jaw resection for ameloblastoma [3,4,6]. Spontaneous regeneration of the mandible has been rarely stated in previous studies [3-5,8]. Our review of literature showed only one report of spontaneous regeneration of the whole mandible [8]. This case report followed mandibular resection for Osteosarcoma in a 10-years-old female.

Materials and Methods

Orthopantomograph showed the presence of an osteolytic lesion in the left side of the mandibular body, extending from the left first premolar to the angle of the mandible and both medial and left lateral cortexes were scalloped (Figures 1). An aspiration biopsy revealed no presence of liquid or pus content into the lesion. Intra-oral incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

Results and Discussion

The proposed treatment was hemimandibulectomy and chemotherapy and six months later the mandible should be reconstructed with iliac or rib bone graft. Chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment and the chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin, cisplatin, adriamycin have been used, when chemotherapy concluded, the patient was sent for follow up with consultation with the oncologist.